The efficiency of applied nitrogen is only 30 % 50% 4 and in many cases even less than that proportion 5. Nitrogen use efficiency in selected rice oryza sativa l. Nitrogen use efficiency, crop productivity and environmental impacts of urea deep placement in lowland rice fields conference paper pdf available december 2016 with 274 reads how we measure. Methods a highnue wuyunjing 23, w23 and a lownue guidan 4, gd rice cultivar. An integrated approach to a nitrogen use efficiency nue. Nitrogen recovery efficiency is a measure of plant nitrogen uptake from the soil, and physiological efficiency refers to the ability of the plant to remobilize stored nitrogen into yield, and includes nitrogen uptake, recycling and remobilization. Maize is also shown to make more efficient use of its soluble protein and rubp carboxylase protein than either wheat or rice when measurements are made at 320 parts 10. Genetic engineering of improved nitrogen use efficiency in rice by the tissuespecific expression of alanine aminotransferase. An adequate nitrogen supply can increase as much as 60% rice production over control 4. However, only a few regulators have been identified that can be. Oct 12, 20 nitrogen n plays an important role in plant growth, development and also one of the major factor for developing a highyielding rice cultivars. Transgenic rice overproducing rubisco exhibits increased yields with improved nitrogenuse efficiency in an experimental paddy field. The 15 n study indicated higher n use efficiency in the rice cultivation system involving direct seeding of sprouted seeds under puddled condition. Nitrogen n deficiency is one of the most yieldlimiting nutrients in upland rice growing regions word wide.
Here we show that a major rice nitrogen use efficiency quantitative trait locus qngr9. Review grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice production. Heterotrimeric g proteins regulate nitrogenuse efficiency in. The low n use efficiency of lowland rice is associated with its loss by several mechanisms in the soilplant systems.
Photosynthetic capacity and nitrogen use efficiency of maize. Genetic engineering of improved nitrogen use efficiency in. May 07, 2019 n allocation studies showed that overexpression of osatg8a significantly increased n allocation to seeds and enhanced nitrogen uptake efficiency nupe and nitrogen use efficiency nue. Pdf growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of new rice. Nitrate and ammonium are the two major inorganic nitrogen compounds present in agricultural soils. Based on a comparison of four approaches to nue life cycle analysis, nitrogen footprint, nitrogen budget, and environmental impact assessment. An autophagydisrupted rice mutant, osatg71, showed reduced biomass production and nitrogen use efficiency compared with the wild type. Nitrogen use efficiency of upland rice in the humid tropics. Using scenario analysis, farmers from both sources were divided into four rice. Nitrogen n is usually the nutrient limiting rice production and current high yields of irrigated rice were associated with large applications of fertilizer n cassman. Nitrogen deficient plants produce mottled and low protein grains.
Our study indicated that, within a range of genotypes tested, considerable differences exist in the efficiency of nitrogen acquisition and internal n use efficiency. Nitrogen is normally a key factor in achieving optimum rice yields. Comparison of yield and nitrogen use efficiency of different. N fertilizer savings per year for each 1% increase in nue under also, precipitation use efficiency is greater for corn. Characterizing n uptake and use efficiency in rice as. Inorganic n fertilizers are excessively used to boost yield and generate serious collateral environmental pollution. Nitrogen use efficiency nue in plants is a complex phenomenon that depends on a number of internal and external factors, which include soil n availability, its uptake and assimilation of carbon and nitrogen. Pdf the potential for improving rice yield and nitrogen. Fageria and carvalho 2014 reported that nitrogen use efficiency was maximized for polymer coated urea compared to conventional urea for lowland rice production.
Aug 30, 2016 optimum nitrogen rates and methods of application increase crop productivity and farm income while reducing negative environmental effects. Jun, 2016 as a result, the bni phenomenon in rice, to the extent that it is present, is expected to reflect on nue, in particular ammonium. Transgenic rice overproducing rubisco exhibits increased. Application of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen n, to crops has increased dramatically in the last half century and therefore developing crop varieties with improved n use efficiency nue is urgent for sustainable agriculture. Growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of new rice variety. Therefore, improving crop n use efficiency nue is highly desirable and has been a major endeavor in crop improvement. Nutrient management to improve nitrogen use efficiency and reduce environmental losses this fact sheet first describes the three main pathways of nitrogen lossnitrate leaching, denitrification, and volatilizationand then summarizes requirements and provides nitrogen management guidance to help farmers comply with these requirements. Nitrogen use efficiency of low land rice as affected by. In an attempt to identify phenotypic traits for nresponse and nue in the earliest stages of plant growth, we analyzed the nresponsive germination, respiration, urease activities, and rootshoot growth of 21 indica genotypes.
Gs activity was more in plants growing at low nitrogen levels than that at high nitrogen levels in rice. Optimizing nitrogen options for improving nitrogen use efficiency of. Nitrogen use efficiency by flooded rice is less than 50% fageria et al, 2001, 2005. The challenge is to derive an easytouse robust nitrogen use ef.
Apr 28, 2014 the drive toward more sustainable agriculture has raised the profile of crop plant nutrient use efficiency. Use of n efficient genotypes is an important complementary. Blackwell publishing ltdoxford, ukpbiplant biotechnology journal1467764414677652 2008 blackwell publishing ltdxxxoriginal articlesimproved nitrogen use efficiency in rice ashok k. Glutamine synthetase gs is one of the selection criteria to identify nitrogen use efficient cultivars and their use in developing mapping population for high nitrogen use efficiency nue.
Department of agriculture, islamic azad university, lahijan branch, lahijan, iran 2 professor of azerbaijan republic academy of science, institute of soil science and agrachemistry abstract. Here, we propose an easytouse indicator for nitrogen use efficiency nue, applicable to agriculture and food productionconsumption systems. Here, we examined the function of autophagy in vegetative growth and nitrogen usage in a cereal plant, rice oryza sativa. Biological nitrification inhibition by rice root exudates and. Potassium and nitrogen use efficiency importance of nitrogen and potassium nitrogen n and potassium k are essential major nutrients, which play an important role in the growth and development of plants.
New solutions are therefore urgently needed to simultaneously increase yields while maintaining or preferably decreasing applied n to maximize the nitrogen use efficiency nue of crops. Pdf heterotrimeric g proteins regulate nitrogenuse. Heterotrimeric g proteins regulate nitrogenuse efficiency. Nitrogen n is one of the most yieldlimiting nutrients in lowland rice production around the world. Yield potential and nitrogen use efficiency of chinas super rice. Application of nitrogen n fertilizer has improved crop yield in the world during the. However, the effects of vetch on rice grain yield and nitrogen n use efficiency have not yet been well studied in the intensive doublecropped rice cropping systems. In cases of severe n deficiency, leaf area index and leaf area duration are reduced, which leads to lower radiation interception, lower radiation use efficiency, and lower photosynthetic rates barbieri 2000, fageria 2003a, muchow 1988, sinclair 1989, uhart 1995.
Rice ninlike protein 4 is a master regulator of nitrogen use. The experiment was conducted at bangabandhu sheikh mujibur rahman agricultural university, gazipur, bangladesh during the rainy season. In subtropical china, use of polyolefincoated urea resulted in high yield and increased nue in double rice cropping systems xu et al. The main n loss mechanisms are volatilization of ammonia nh3, leaching loss of nitrate no3, loss through denitrification and soil erosion. Plants take up n and k in almost the same quantities but application of these nutrients to crops varies widely. Here we report a comprehensive analysis of a data set derived from farmsurveys and previously published studies in a typical high n input area of china. Nitrogen use efficiency nue in rice links to nh toxicity. A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the responses of 36 rice cultivars with relatively high nitrogen use efficiency to lowphosphorus at the seedling stage and to explore the differences in physiological mechanism between the lowphosphorus tolerant rice cultivars and the lowphosphorus sensitive ones. Plant use efficiency of nitrogen depends on several factors, including application time, rate of n applied, precipitation and other climaterelated variables. High nitrogen use efficiency of germplasm targeted at rainfed ricebased environments is, together with drought tolerance, of central importance to increase productivity in this agroecosystem. As regard to n rates, 100% of recommended dose of nitrogen resulted in higher n use efficiency. Physiological approaches for increasing nitrogen use. Transgenic rice overproducing rubisco exhibits increased yields with improved nitrogen use efficiency in an experimental paddy field.
N utilization procedures generally can be divided into uptake, transport, and assimilation. Agronomy free fulltext leguminous cover crop astragalus. Today, rice, wheat, and maize are consuming more than 90% of total nitrogenous fertilizer used in cereals. Nitrogen budgets for intensive rice growing in southern australia 89 p. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate nineteen upland rice oryza sativa. Nitrogen n is the most critical externally added input for any crop production system. The potential for improving rice yield and nitrogen use. Agronomy journal nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen. The half of the global population directly or indirectly depends on nitrogenous fertilizers for food supply. Here we show that a major rice nitrogenuse efficiency quantitative trait locus qngr9 is synonymous with the previously identified gene dep1 dense and erect panicles 1. Application of nitrogen n fertilizer has improved crop yield in the world during the past five decades but with considerable negative impacts on the environment. The drive toward more sustainable agriculture has raised the profile of crop plant nutrientuse efficiency. Atmospheric co 2 enrichment during co 2 assimilation measurements increased the nitrogen use efficiency in the c 3 species.
Heterotrimeric g proteins regulate nitrogenuse efficiency in rice. Nue is estimated at about 33%, with nues of 42 and 29% in developed and developing countries raun and johnson 1999. Heterotrimeric g proteins regulate nitrogen use efficiency in rice. Nitrogen use efficiency nue the efficiency of uptake and the efficiency with which the n absorbed is utilized to produce grain, are the two primary components of n use efficiency moll et al.
As nitrogen fertilizers are highly dynamic in soils, its careful management. Nutrient management to improve nitrogen use efficiency and. The biological improvement of fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency nue is hampered by the poor characterization of the phenotype and genotype for crop n response and nue. Nitrogen n is one of the key essential macronutrients that affects rice growth and yield. Lessons from arabidopsis and rice article pdf available in journal of experimental botany 6810. Nitrogen use efficiency the amount of residual n available for leaching when estimated nue 5 d 2 eb 3 100 5 33% compared with continuous corn huang et al. Nov 09, 2015 measures to increase nutrient use efficiency measure nutrient increase in nutrient use efficiency % split vs. Heenan effect of nitrogen fertilizer timing on crop growth and nitrogen use efficiency by different rice varieties in southeastern australia 97 d. Pdf nitrogen n is the most critical externally added input for any crop production system. Bacon fertilizer nitrogen recovery in mechanized dry seeded rice 107.
The ambition of the eu nitrogen expert panel is to contribute to improving efficient nitrogen use in food production. Further increasing the n levels, the n use efficiency was decreased. Field experiments were conducted during four consecutive rice growing seasons in 201220 to determine the effects of different n rates and methods of fertilizer application on floodwater ammonium concentration, rice yields and n use efficiency under. Pdf on feb 1, 2018, shuangjie huang and others published nitrogen use efficiency in rice find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Autophagy supports biomass production and nitrogen use. Globally, the current important concern is to minimize nitrogen use in crop culture under climate change condition. Most previous studies on grain yield orand nitrogen use efficiency nue of rice in china often involved sitespecific field experiments, or small regions with. Based on these results, osatg8a is an important candidate gene for synergistically enhanced n remobilization and better yield in rice. Increased autophagy of rice can increase yield and nitrogen. The biological improvement of fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency nue is hampered by the poor characterization of the phenotype and genotype.
Closing yield yg and nitrogen use efficiency nue gaps amongst smallholder farmers are critical to ensuring food security and environmental sustainability. Nitrogen use efficiency of rice oryza sativa in systems of. The efficien t use of nitrogen is recognized as an important production factor for rice but it has always been a problem to raise the utilization rate of the rice plant and to increase efficiency of absorbed nitrogen for grain. Major challenge in rice production is to achieve the goal of enhancing both food production and fertilizer use efficiency. Moreover, previous research has demonstrated a close relationship between plant nue and rhizosphere nitrification li et al. Screening and identification of rice cultivars with. However, both excess and insufficient supply of nitrogen is harmful to the rice crop and may decrease grain yield. Results of the trials showed that with an application of 50 percent of usual amount, the transgenic rice lines outyielded the conventional nerica variety by 22 percent on the first year of trial and 30. The researchers integrated the nitrogen use efficiency technology with new rice for africa nerica varieties developed by africa rice center. Here we show that a major rice nitrogenuse efficiency quantitative trait locus qngr9. Recent field studies on irrigated rice at the irri research farm indicate efficient use of fertilizern based on plant uptake of applied n, estimated by n. Pdf nitrogen use efficiency, crop productivity and. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen uptake, nitrogen. Pdf strategies for improving nitrogen use efficiency.
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